Stage, Scene, and Controls

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.util.Collections;

public class JavaFXDemo extends Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        primaryStage.setTitle("JavaFX Basic Structure");
        
        // Create UI components
        Button firstBtn = new Button("First Button");
        Button secondBtn = new Button("Second Button");
        Button thirdBtn = new Button("Third Button");

        // Configure layout container
        VBox container = new VBox();
        container.getChildren().addAll(Collections.singletonList(firstBtn, secondBtn, thirdBtn));

        // Set up scene with dimensions
        Scene scene = new Scene(container, 800, 600);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);

        // Display the application window
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

Stage and Window Events

Window Event Handling

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.stage.WindowEvent;

public class WindowEventsDemo extends Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage mainStage) throws Exception {
        mainStage.setTitle("JavaFX Window Events");
        
        // Set up window event handlers
        mainStage.setOnCloseRequest(this::handleCloseRequest);
        mainStage.setOnShowing(this::handleShowing);
        mainStage.setOnShown(this::handleShown);

        // Display the stage
        mainStage.show();
    }
    
    private void handleCloseRequest(WindowEvent event) {
        System.out.println("Window close requested: " + event.getEventType());
    }
    
    private void handleShowing(WindowEvent event) {
        System.out.println("Window is showing: " + event.getEventType());
    }
    
    private void handleShown(WindowEvent event) {
        System.out.println("Window has been shown: " + event.getEventType());
    }
}

When you run this application and close the window, the console output will be:

Window is showing: WINDOW_SHOWING
Window has been shown: WINDOW_SHOWN
Window close requested: WINDOW_CLOSE_REQUEST

Keyboard Event Handling

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class KeyboardEventsDemo extends Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {
        stage.setTitle("JavaFX Keyboard Events");
        
        // Create UI element to display keyboard input
        Text inputDisplay = new Text("Press any key...");
        inputDisplay.setX(50);
        inputDisplay.setY(50);
        
        // Set up keyboard event handler
        inputDisplay.setOnKeyPressed(this::handleKeyPress);
        
        // Create scene and set it to stage
        Pane root = new Pane(inputDisplay);
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 300);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        
        // Show the stage
        stage.show();
    }
    
    private void handleKeyPress(KeyEvent event) {
        KeyCode keyCode = event.getCode();
        System.out.println("Key pressed: " + keyCode);
        
        // Handle specific keys
        if (keyCode == KeyCode.ESCAPE) {
            System.out.println("Escape key was pressed");
        }
    }
}