Reading Files as Binary Streams and Converting to Hexadecimal

def process_binary_file():
    with open('./flag.zip', 'rb') as binary_data:
        hex_content = binary_data.read().hex()
        print(hex_content)
        save_hex_data(hex_content)

def save_hex_data(content):
    with open('output.txt', 'w') as output_file:
        output_file.write(content)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    process_binary_file()

Converting Binary Data to Base64 Encoding

import base64

def encode_to_base64():
    with open('./flag.zip', 'rb') as source_file:
        encoded_data = base64.b64encode(source_file.read())
        print(encoded_data)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    encode_to_base64()

Converting Hexadecimal Strings Back to Binary Files

import struct

def hex_to_binary():
    with open("hex_data.txt", "r") as input_file:
        hex_string = input_file.read().strip()
    
    byte_pairs = [hex_string[i:i+2] for i in range(0, len(hex_string), 2)]
    
    with open("reconstructed.bin", "wb") as output_file:
        for pair in byte_pairs:
            byte_value = struct.pack('B', int(pair, 16))
            output_file.write(byte_value)

hex_to_binary()

Using binascii for Hexadecimal Cnoversions

The binascii module provides functions for converting between binary and hexadecimal representations:

>>> import binascii
>>> data = b'message{Secret_Data_Here}'
>>> binascii.b2a_hex(data)
b'6d6573736167657b5365637265745f446174615f486572657d'
>>> binascii.hexlify(data)
b'6d6573736167657b5365637265745f446174615f486572657d'

Converting heaxdecimal back to binary data:

>>> import binascii
>>> hex_data = '6d6573736167657b5365637265745f446174615f486572657d'
>>> binascii.a2b_hex(hex_data)
b'message{Secret_Data_Here}'
>>> binascii.unhexlify(hex_data)
b'message{Secret_Data_Here}'

Complete example for hex to binary conversion using binascii:

import binascii

def convert_hex_to_binary():
    with open('./input.hex', 'r') as hex_file:
        with open('output.bin', 'wb') as binary_file:
            binary_file.write(binascii.unhexlify(hex_file.read().strip()))

convert_hex_to_binary()

Handling Base64 Encoded Images

For base64 encoded image data, you can embed it directly in HTML using the data URI scheme:

data:image/png;base64,your_base64_string_here