Dynamic Type-Safe Buffer Implementation

This module defines a generic container managing dynamic memory using templates. It enforces type safety and includes built-in validation for index boundaries.

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

template<typename T>
class ResizableArray {
public:
    ResizableArray(int count);
    ResizableArray(int count, T initValue);
    ResizableArray(const ResizableArray<T>& other);
    ~ResizableArray();

    size_t get_capacity() const;
    T& retrieve(size_t idx);
    const T& retrieve(size_t idx) const;
    T& operator[](size_t idx);
    const T& operator[](size_t idx) const;

    template<typename U>
    friend void display(const ResizableArray<U>& arr);

private:
    int total_elements;
    T* buffer;
};

template<typename T>
ResizableArray<T>::ResizableArray(int count) : total_elements{count} {
    if (count < 0) { throw std::length_error("Constructor: Invalid negative capacity."); }
    buffer = new T[count];
}

template<typename T>
ResizableArray<T>::ResizableArray(int count, T initValue) : total_elements{count} {
    if (count < 0) { throw std::length_error("Constructor: Invalid negative capacity."); }
    buffer = new T[count];
    for (int i = 0; i < total_elements; ++i) {
        buffer[i] = initValue;
    }
}

template<typename T>
ResizableArray<T>::ResizableArray(const ResizableArray<T>& other) : total_elements(other.total_elements) {
    buffer = new T[total_elements];
    for (int i = 0; i < total_elements; ++i) {
        buffer[i] = other.buffer[i];
    }
}

template<typename T>
ResizableArray<T>::~ResizableArray() {
    delete[] buffer;
}

template<typename T>
size_t ResizableArray<T>::get_capacity() const {
    return static_cast<size_t>(total_elements);
}

template<typename T>
T& ResizableArray<T>::retrieve(size_t idx) {
    if (idx >= total_elements) { throw std::out_of_range("Index exceeds boundary limits."); }
    return buffer[idx];
}

template<typename T>
const T& ResizableArray<T>::retrieve(size_t idx) const {
    if (idx >= total_elements) { throw std::out_of_range("Index exceeds boundary limits."); }
    return buffer[idx];
}

template<typename T>
T& ResizableArray<T>::operator[](size_t idx) {
    if (idx >= total_elements) { throw std::out_of_range("Index exceeds boundary limits."); }
    return buffer[idx];
}

template<typename T>
const T& ResizableArray<T>::operator[](size_t idx) const {
    if (idx >= total_elements) { throw std::out_of_range("Index exceeds boundary limits."); }
    return buffer[idx];
}

template<typename U>
void display(const ResizableArray<U>& arr) {
    for (size_t k = 0; k < arr.get_capacity(); ++k) {
        std::cout << arr[k] << " ";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";
}

Functional Verification and Error Handling

The following execution script validates the generic container behavior including copy semantics and exception propagation.

#include <iostream>
#include "ResizableBuffer.hpp"

void validate_basic_ops() {
    std::cout << "Run 1: Initialization and Copy Checks\n";

    int limit;
    std::cout << "Specify count: ";
    std::cin >> limit;

    ResizableArray<double> dataset_a(limit);
    for (auto i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {
        dataset_a.retrieve(i) = i * 0.5;
    }

    std::cout << "Dataset A: "; 
    display(dataset_a);

    ResizableArray<int> dataset_b(limit, 100);
    const ResizableArray<int> dataset_c(dataset_b);

    std::cout << "Dataset B: "; display(dataset_b);
    std::cout << "Dataset C: "; display(dataset_c);

    dataset_b.retrieve(0) = 50;
    dataset_b.retrieve(1) = 500;
    std::cout << "Dataset B (Modified): "; display(dataset_b);
    std::cout << "Dataset C (Unchanged): "; display(dataset_c);
}

void validate_errors() {
    std::cout << "Run 2: Boundary Condition Testing\n";
    int limit, pos;

    while (std::cout << "Provide count and index: ", std::cin >> limit >> pos) {
        try {
            ResizableArray<int> target(limit, limit);
            target.retrieve(pos) = -1;
            std::cout << "Result: "; 
            display(target);
        } catch (const std::exception& err) {
            std::cout << err.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    validate_basic_ops();
    validate_errors();
    return 0;
}

External Data Integration and Sorting Logic

This section handles persisting structured data via file streams and applying custom comparison algorithms. It assumes an entity definition compatible with the read/write operators.

#include "ApplicantInfo.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

bool evaluate_priority(const ApplicantInfo& lhs, const ApplicantInfo& rhs) {
    if (lhs.major() < rhs.major()) return true;
    if (lhs.major() == rhs.major()) {
        return lhs.score() > rhs.score();
    }
    return false;
}

void print_records(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<ApplicantInfo>& list) {
    for (const auto& item : list) {
        os << item;
    }
}

int process_data_files() {
    std::vector<ApplicantInfo> registry;
    std::ifstream input_stream("dataset_raw.txt");
    
    if (!input_stream.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Error loading input file.";
        return -1;
    }
    
    std::string header;
    std::getline(input_stream, header); 
    
    ApplicantInfo temp_entry;
    while (input_stream >> temp_entry) {
        registry.push_back(temp_entry);
    }

    std::sort(registry.begin(), registry.end(), evaluate_priority);

    std::ofstream output_stream("result_sorted.txt");
    if (!output_stream.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Error writing output file.";
        return -1;
    }

    print_records(std::cout, registry);
    print_records(output_stream, registry);
    return 0;
}