Environment Setup

1. Virtual Environment Initialization

Isolate project dependencies to avoid conflicts with system-wide packages. While IDEs like PyCharm offer automatic setup, you can manually create one:

python -m venv venv

2. Dependency Installation

Specify framework versions to ensure consistency. This example uses Django 5.0.3 alongside Django REST Framework and database drivers.

pip install django==5.0.3
dpip install djangorestframework
pip install mysqlclient
pip install redis django-redis

3. Project Generation

Initialize the core project directory named initial_project.

django-admin startproject initial_project

Core Configuration Adjustments

1. Localization Settings

Update settings.py to set the language to Chinese and the timezone to Shanghai.

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

2. Database Integration

Replace the default SQLite configuration with MySQL. Comment out the original DATABASES block to keep a reference.

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mysql',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

3. App Registration

Add third-party applications to INSTALLED_APPS to enable their functionality.

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ... default apps
    'rest_framework',
]

4. Redis Caching

Configure Redis for general caching and session storage. Place this configuration near the database settings for easy access.

CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0",
        "OPTIONS": {"CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient"}
    },
    "session": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1",
        "OPTIONS": {"CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient"}
    }
}
SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "session"

Directory and File Reorganization

1. Application Container

Create an applications directory inside the root to house custom Django apps. Update sys.path in settings.py so Python can locate these modules.

import sys
import os

APPS_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'applications')
sys.path.insert(0, APPS_DIR)

2. Environment Separation

Refactor the configuration to support multiple environments. Create a config directory inside the project root (initial_project).

1. Move settings.py into config and rename it too base.py.
2. Create development.py and production.py inside config.
3. In development.py, import everything from base:

from .base import *

Update manage.py to point to the development settings:

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'initial_project.config.development')

Similarly, update wsgi.py for deployment scenarios.

3. Logging Strategy

Implement a robust logging configuration in base.py to output info to both the console and a rotating file.

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'formatters': {
        'standard': {
            'format': '%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s'
        },
    },
    'handlers': {
        'console': {
            'level': 'INFO',
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
            'formatter': 'standard'
        },
        'file': {
            'level': 'INFO',
            'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
            'filename': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '..', 'logs', 'app.log'),
            'maxBytes': 1024 * 1024 * 50,  # 50MB
            'backupCount': 5,
            'formatter': 'standard'
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django': {
            'handlers': ['console', 'file'],
            'level': 'INFO',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    },
}

4. Template Directory

Create a top-level templates folder for HTML files. Ensure Django looks in this directory by updating the TEMPLATES setting in your config file:

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '..', 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]