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Scenario: Exposing System Resource Usage via API When building APIs that expose system metrics like CPU and memory utilization, performance optimization becomes critical. This article explores how the Proxy Pattern can efficiently handle resource monitoring requests. The Challenge Multiple servers may simultaneously call a resource monitoring e ...

Minimum Path Sum in a Grid Finding the minimum path sum from the top-left to the bottom-right of a grid is a classic dynamic programming problem. To optimize space complexity, we can use a 1D array instead of a 2D matrix to store the DP states, updating the array iteratively as we traverse each row. #include <vector> #include <algorith ...

Improving Abstract Factory with Simple Factory The initial implementation of abstract factory pattern presents two major issues: client code violates the open-closed principle, and provider code also breaches this principle. To address the first issue, we can apply simple factory concepts to refactor the abstract factory approach. Instead of ma ...

Implementing DPI Awareness in Custom Widgets Modern desktop application development demands robust support for high-resolution displays. Ensuring consistent visual fidelity across standard 1080p monitors and 4K screens is critical for user experience. This guide details the architectural approach to adapting custom Qt widgets, specifically focu ...

Introduction to Axis Management While basic plotting capabilities are often sufficient for simple data visualization, advanced charting requires precise control over the coordinate system. The axes serve as the fundamental reference frame for any plot. Without proper configuration of axes and their associated grid lines, interpreting complex da ...

Bitwise operations allow direct manipulation of individual bits within integer types. While high-level abstractions simplify development, C++ retains low-level control—enabling performance-critical optimizations, compact data encoding, and hardware-adjacent logic without resorting to assembly. Operator Precedence Overview Precedence Level Op ...

Mathematical Algorithms Fast Exponentiation Reduces the time complexity of computing powers to logarithmic time by leveraging binary decomposition of the exponent. long long binary_pow(long long base, long long exp, long long mod) { long long res = 1; base %= mod; while (exp > 0) { if (exp & 1) res = (res * base) % mo ...

A suffix array is a compact representation of all suffixes of a string, sorted lexicographically. Constructing this array efficiently is foundational for various string processing tasks. Construction via Prefix Doubling To construct the suffix array in $O(n \log n)$ time, we use a prefix doubling strategy cobmined with Radix Sort. We iterativel ...

Problem Set Overview This document presents detailed solutions for four computational problems from a recent programming contest simulation. Each problem requires distinct algorithmic approaches, ranging from greedy selection with block decomposition to probabilistic expectation calculations on bounded domains. The solutions presented have been ...

class Parent { public: virtual void display() { cout << "Parent::display invoked" << endl; } }; class Child : public Parent { private: virtual void display() { cout << "Child::display invoked" << endl; } }; /* Parent declaration Child declaration Compilation result --------------- -------- ...