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Object duplication in Objective-C enables developers to generate independent replicas of data structures. This mechanism ensures that alterations made to a derived instance do not mutate the original source. The framework distinguishes between creating immutable and mutable duplicates through two primary instance methods. Duplication Mechanisms ...

A custom string class typically wraps a dynamically alocated character array along with size and capacity tracking. The following implementation lives inside a dedicated namespace to avoid collisions with the standard library. namespace custom { class string { private: char* _data; size_t _len; size_t _cap; ...