Freaks City

Problem 1: Stack Elimination with Color Constraints Given a sequence where each element possesses a color and value, process multiple queries. For each query $[L, R]$, simulate a monotonic stack traversal from left to right: pop the top while it is less than or equal to the current value or shares the same color. Determine how many positions wi ...

Overview The Sieve of Eratosthenes is an efficient ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to a specified integer n. It works by iterative marking the multiples of each prime number as composite (non-prime), starting from the first prime number, 2. Algorithm Steps Consider finding all primes up to 25: Initialization: Create a list o ...

When numerous queries each admit a binary search solution, but performing binary search individually for every query is too slow, we can process all queries together using a technique known as simultaneous binary search (also called "parallel binary search" or "global binary search"). This approach requires: Queries to be h ...

In this problem, we are given an array $a$ of length $n$ and a target array $b$ of length $m$. Each element $a_i$ has an associated deletion cost $p_i$. We need to find the minimum cost to transform $a$ in to $b$ using a specific "strange function" $f(a)$, or determine if it is impossible. Condition Analysis The function $f(a)$ genera ...