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A decorator is a design pattern that allows you to dynamically alter the behavior of a function without modifying its source code. It typically takes a function as an argument and returns a new function that adds extra logic. Instead of calling the wrapper manually, Python's @ syntax applies it cleanly. Here is a basic implementation that logs ...

First-Class Functions in Python In Python, functions are first-class citizens—they behave like other data types (e.g., int, str). This means you can: Assign functions to variables. Pass functions as arguments to other functions. Store functions in data structures (e.g., dictionaries, lists). Returnn functions from other functions. Treating Fu ...