Freaks City

Objective The goal is to critical evaluate the user experience of KubeKey (kk). As a former community member, the aim is to identify friction points in the installation workflow, specifically when deploying a Kubernetes cluster and integrating KubeSphere. Environment The evaluation was performed on a provided Linux virtual machine (VM) acting a ...

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform, and kubeadm is a tool provided by the Kubernetes team for quickly setting up a Kubernetes cluster. This article walks through the process of creating a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu using kubeadm, covering prerequisites, installing components, initializing the cluster, and adding wor ...

When kube-apiserver fails to start, check the service status: systemctl status kube-apiserver Examine system logs for detailed error messages: cat /var/log/messages | grep kube-apiserver | grep -i error If the log shows Error: --etcd-servers must be specified, verify the configuration file /usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf. Even i ...

Overview All API objects in Kubernetes are persisted in etcd, but every operation on these objects must go through the kube-apiserver. The API server acts as the gatekeeper for authorization, and Kubernetes uses RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) as its authorization mechanism. Core RBAC Concepts Three fundamental conecpts form the foundation of ...

Environment cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 root@10.101.1.30 ~$ cat /etc/redhat-releace CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) ...

A running Linux container is fundamentally an isolated process environment built using three key technologies: Linux Namespaces for isolation, Cgroups for resource limits, and a root filesystem (rootfs) for the application’s view of the file system. This setup naturally divides a container into two conceptual parts: The container image, which ...

Prerequisites Download the folllowing files for Kubernetes and Istio setup: Oracle VM VirtualBox k8s-base.ova (Base Kubernetes image) istio-integrated.ova (Pre-configured Istio image) istio-1.11.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz kube-flannel.yaml Virtual Machine Setup Import the base Kbuernetes OVA file into VirtualBox: Launch VirtualBox and select File ...

Ingress Overview Layer 7 Load Balancing Requirements When clients access Kubernetes services, Layer 4 load balancers cannot terminate SSL sessions. This creates two significant issues: clients must establish direct SSL connections with backend pods, and if a request is routed to a different server after the SSL session is established, the sessi ...

The client-go caching layer relies heavily on the Indexer and ThreadSafeStore abstractions to maintain a local object store. This architecture minimizes direct API server requests by enabling efficient in-memory lookups and multi-dimensional indexing. Indexer Interface The Indexer interface extends the base Store contract by introducing retriev ...

Cluster Architecture Provision three CentOS 7 instances with the following roles and specifications. The control plane node requires at least 2 vCPUs; otherwise, kubeadm initialization will fail. Hostname IP Address Role OS Specs ctrl-plane 192.168.10.10 Control Plane CentOS 7 2 vCPU / 4 GiB worker-1 192.168.10.11 Worker CentOS 7 2 vCP ...