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343. Integer Break Problem Link: LeetCode 343 - Integer Break Given an integer n, break it into at least two positive integers, where the sum equals n. Return the maximum product possible from these integers. Example: Input: 2 Output: 1 Explanation: 2 = 1 + 1, 1 × 1 = 1 Apprroach This is a classic dynamic programming problem that can be solv ...

Problem Analysis Given a target string of '0's and '1's representing the desired state of bulbs, the goal is to determine the minimum number of flips required to transform an initial state of all '0's to the target state. Each flip operation selects a bulb at position i and flips all bulbs from i to the end of the array. Key Insight The problem ...

Problem Overview This article explores an algorithm to find the minimum possible sum of a k-avoiding array with n elements. Problem Statement Given two integers n and k, a k-avoiding array is defined as an array of distinct positive integers where no pair of different elements sums to k. Return the minimum possible sum of such an array with exa ...

1. Linked-list fundamnetals A linked list is a linear collection of nodes where each node stores: value – the payload next – a pointer to the following node (or nullptr) Variants: Singly linked list – one pointer per node Doubly linked list – prev + next Circular linked list – tail points back to head Memory is non-contiguous; traversal is ...

Array Increment Operation Given a non-empty array representing a non-negative integer, increment the number by one. Each element stores a single digit, with the most significant digit at the head of the list. class Solution: def plusOne(self, digits: List[int]) -> List[int]: length = len(digits) # Traverse from rightmost ...

Constructing Maximum Binary Tree (Problem 654) This problem requires building a binary tree from an integer array where the maximum element becomes the root, and the process repeats recursively for left and right subarrays. The solution involves identifying the peak value within a specified range and recursively constructing subtrees for the re ...

148. Sort List Problem Statement Given the head of a linked list, sort the list in ascending order and return the sorted list. Approach For this problem, we can implement a merge sort algorithm with O(1) space complexity by using a bottom-up approach. The key steps involve: Determining the length of the linked list Splitting the list into subl ...

The given matrix is ordered both row-wise and column-wise, enabling a two-step binary search approach for efficient target lookup. First, determine the correct row by comparing the first element of each row with the target. Use binary search to narrow down the candidate row where the target could reside. Once the row is identified, perform anot ...

Given a non-empty integer array, return the third distinct maximum number in this array. If the third maximum does not exist, return the maximum number in the array. Example 1: Input: [3, 2, 1] Output: 1 Explanation: The third distinct maximum is 1. Example 2: Input: [1, 2] Output: 2 Explanation: The third distinct maximum does not exist, so t ...

You are given a 1-indexed array of integers numbers that is already sorted in non-decreasing order. Find two numbers such that they add up to a specific target number. Let these two numbers be numbers[index1] and numbers[index2] where 1 <= index1 < index2 <= numbers.length. Return the indices of the two numbers, index1 and index2, as a ...