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In embedded systems programming, understanding low-level operations like bitwise and logical operators is essential for efficient memory usage and hardware control. Below is a practical explanation of common operators such as |, &, <<, >>, &&, ||, ++i, and i++, along with illustrative code examples. Data Types and Binary ...

Unary Operators The bitwise NOT operator (~) performs a one's complement operation, flipping all bits in the binary representation. Since C stores signed integers using two's complement, applying ~ to zero yields -1: #include <stdio.h> int main() { int val = 0; int result = ~val; printf("%d\n", result); // Outputs: ...

Symbol Description Example Result + Addition 10 + 5 15 - Subtraction 10 - 5 5 * Multiplication 10 * 5 50 / Division 10 / 5 2 % Modulus 10 % 3 1 ++ Pre-increment x=2; y=++x; x=3; y=3; ++ Post-increment x=2; y=x++; x=3; y=2; -- Pre-decrement x=2; y=--x; x=1; y=1; -- Post-decrement x=2; y=x--; x=1; y=2; Sample code: #incl ...