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In object-oriented programming, dynamic binding ensures that method calls are resolved at runtime based on the actual object type rather than the reference type. This mechanism applies exclusively to methods, not to fields. Key Principles: Method calls are bound to the runtime type of the object. If the method isn't found in the runtime type, ...

1. What are abstract classes and methods? When multiple subclasses share common features but the method body cannot be determined, the method in the parent class is defined as abstract. It forces subclasses to rewrite the method in a specific format. Since inheritance of an abstract class requires either the subclass to be abstract or to overr ...