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Namespaces A namespace is a mapping from names to objects. In Python, most namespaces are implemented as dictionaries. Types of Namespaces Built-in Namespaces These are the names built into Python itself, including built-in functions like abs() and chr(), as well as exception classes like BaseException and Exception. Global Namespaces These con ...

What Is a Closure in Python? In Python, a closure occurs when a nested function references variables from its enclosing scope. The outer function is called the enclosing function, while the inner function is referred to as the nested function. A closure forms when three conditions are met: An inner function is defined within an outer function ...