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Behavioral Patterns Strategy Pattern Defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each, and makes them interchangeable. Context uses a Strategy object to vary its behavior. Roles: Strategy: Interface declaring algorithm methods ConcreteStrategy: Implements specific algorithm Context: Maintains strategy reference Example: E-comerce Discounts i ...

System Overview This article documents the evolution of an air cargo billing system across two development iterations. The project emphasizes solid object-oriented principles including Single Responsibility, Liskov Substitution, Open/Closed, and Composition Over Inheritance. The core challenge lies not in algorithmic complexity but in building ...

The Single Responsibility Principle states that a class should have only one reason to change. This means each class or interface should focus on a single functionality. Problem Scenario: If a class handles multiple responsibilities, modifying one responsibility might inadvertently affect the other, increasing the risk of bugs. Key Benefits: R ...

Understanding the Builder Pattern The Builder design pattern aims to separate the construction of a complex object from its representation. This allows the same construction process to create different representations. It is primarily useful when an object's creation involves multiple steps, complex logic, or many components. Core Concept and B ...

Software design patterns are a set of tried-and-tested code design experiences that are used repeatedly. They exist to promote reusable code, make code easier for others to understand, and ensure reliability. Good design leads to quality work. However, if certain design principles guide the software design process, our software can be refactore ...

Assignment Difficulty Overview First Assignment: 9 foundational Java problems covering conditional statements and loops, designed to build core programming skills for novices. Implementation is straightforward, focusing on aplpying basic language concepts. Second Assignment: 3 problems with a significant difficulty jump, emphasizing string pro ...

Introduction The Adapter Pattern acts as a bridge between two incompatible interfaces. This type of design pattern comes under the structural pattern category as it combines the functionality of two independent interfaces. The primary motivation behind this pattern is compatibility: it allows classes that could not otherwise work together due t ...

The Open/Closed Principle Explained When discussing the robustness and longevity of software architecture, the Open/Closed Principle (OCP) stands as a foundational pillar within the SOLID principles. It dictates that software entities—whether they are classes, modules, or functions—should be designed for extensibility but resistant to modificat ...

Principles of Custom Exception Types C++ allows exception types to be user-defined classes. When an exception is thrown, the runtime attempts to match the type in a top-down manner using strict type checikng. However, the assignment compatibility rule applies: a base class handler can catch exceptions of derived classes. To ensure correct behav ...

Addressing Extensibility with the Factory Method Software systems requiring future extensibility must adhere to the Open-Closed Principle. When a module needs to perform operations without knowing the exact implementation details upfront, object creation must be decoupled from the core logic. The Factory Method pattern resolves this by deferri ...