Freaks City

Problem Transformation The core task reduces to computing the sum of all numbers in ([0, N]) whose popcount is odd: $$\sum_{i=0}^{N} [popcount(i) \bmod 2 = 1]$$ where the Iverson bracket ([p]) equals 1 when (p) is true and 0 otherwise. Block Partitioning Strategy When analyzing addition contributions of all numbers in ([0, N]) under binary repr ...