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Structures A struct is a user-defined composite data type that groups together variables of different types under a single name. Unlike arrays—which store elements of the same type—structures allow heterogeneous data to be logically associated. Definition and Declaration struct Point { int x; int y; }; This defines a new type struct Po ...

Enumerations (enum) 1.1 Purpose Enumerations enhance code readability by grouping related constants into a single type, making intent clearer and reducing magic numbers. 1.2 Syntax enum enum_type_name { CONSTANT_NAME_1, CONSTANT_NAME_2, CONSTANT_NAME_3 }; 1.3 Initialization Inside an enum, the first constant defaults to 0, and e ...

Unions and enums are two essential user-defined types in C that provide memory efficiency and code clarity, respectively. Union Declaration and Memory Layout A union groups multiple variables of different types into a single memory location. The compiler allocates enough memory to hold the largest member. All member share the same starting addr ...

Recursive Common Table Expressions (CTEs) in SQL Server can be combnied with other queries using the UNION or UNION ALL operators. This is typically done within the recursive CTE definition itself, where the anchor member and the recursive member are joined by a UNION ALL. The final result set of the CTE can then be used in an outer query with ...