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Hardware Wiring Specifications Connecting the sensor requires attention to power levels and interface selection. The microcontroller must operate at 3.3V logic levels. I2C Mode Configuration The two-wire interface offers simplicity and supoprts multiple devices on the same bus. MCU (STM32F103) Target Device -------------------------------- ...

Interrupt Fundamentals An interrupt is a mechanism that temporarily suspends the main program execution when a specific interrupt condition is triggered. The CPU pauses the current task, executes an interrupt service routine (ISR), and then returns to continue the main program from where it left off. Interrupt Priority When multiple interrupt s ...

Issue 1: Unexpected Data Transmission with DMA #include "stm32f10x.h" #include "Delay.h" #include "DMA.h" #include "Serial.h" uint8_t dataBuffer[3]; int main(void) { /* Module initialization */ OLED_Init(); Key_Init(); Serial_Init(); MyDMA_TX_Init(DMA1_Channel4, (uint32_t)&USART1- ...

USART Serial Communication Fundamentals Communication Concepts Communication refers to the process of information exchange between computers and external devices. Communication protocols define the rules that both parties must follow during data transmission. Common Communication Methods Parallel Communication All binary data bits are transmitt ...

Introduction to SG90 Servo Motors The SG90 is a compact positional servo motor designed for applications requiring precise angular positioning and holding capabilities. Servo mechanisms, derived from the Greek word for "slave," are systems that follow external commands to achieve desired motion parameters including position, velocity, ...

Developing responsive user interfaces on embedded systems requires decoupling hardware interaction from the main execution loop. In an STM32 environment, specifically using an STM32F103C8T6, direct register manipulation allows for lightweight input handling without the overhead of heavy abstraction layers. The following approach demonstrates ho ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Overview PWM is a technique used to simulate analog signal levels by modulating the width of digital pulses. In control applications, such as motor speed regulation, the duty cycle dictates the average power delivered to the load. By rapidly swithcing the output state, the system effectively manages the average volt ...

KEIL Configuration System Reset Implementation __set_FAULTMASK(1); NVIC_SystemReset(); Crystal Oscillator Configuration In the stm32f10x.h file, modify the system clock setup: static void ConfigureSystemClockTo72MHz(void) { __IO uint32_t startupCounter = 0, hseStatus = 0; /*!< Enable the High Speed External oscillator (HSE) */ ...

GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) GPIO pins are versatile pins on microcontrollers that can be configured as either inputs or outputs to interface with various electronic components. GPIO Configuration Modes Floating Input: The pin is left unconnected, which can lead to unpredictable states due to noise. Not recommended for practical applica ...

Periodic Voltage Sampling ADC voltage sampling is triggered every 100ms via timer interrutp: void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim) { if(htim->Instance == TIM1) { read_adc_voltage(); } } ADC configuration is omitted here, the sampling function witth averaging filtering is implemented as follows: uint32_t adc_sample ...