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Block Random Access Memory (BRAM) instances serve as critical volatile storage elements within FPGA fabric. Operational timing relies on synchronous clocking to manage internal state transitions. Memory addressing is handled through dedicated address lines, while data modification is permitted only when write-enable signals are asserted. The ou ...

This article presents two distinct methods for detecting a predefined binary sequence 01110001 in a serial input stream. The output signal match is asserted when the target sequence is detected. Method 1: Moore Finite State Machine (FSM) The first approach implements a Moore-type FSM that transitions through states representing progress toward ...

An alternative approach to generating full and empty flags in a synchronous FIFO involves extending the read and write pointers by one bit. This method eliminates the need for a separate data counter, relying instead on the pointer arithmetic to determine the FIFO status. When both the extended read and write pointers are iedntical—including th ...

Problem Statement Modern FPGA development workflows frequently require rapid module instantiation. Popular editor extensions like verilog-utils simplify this task but often strip inline commants during the transformation process. The loss of documentation fragments degrades code readability and increases maintenance overhead. To resolve this, a ...

Hardware Logic Design First, a Verilog module performing basic bitwisee operations is created to serve as the core logic for the custom IP. This module will be instantiated with in the AXI wrapper. module bitwise_logic_unit ( input wire [31:0] operand_a, input wire [31:0] operand_b, output wire [31:0] result_and, output wire [ ...

FPGA LCD Display Implementation: Character and Image Rendering Character and Image Display Fundamentals In FPGA-based LCD display systems, character and image rendering requires understanding pixel matrix representation. A character can be represented as a 2D array where each element corresponds to a pixel point. For example, char[y][x] denot ...

Verilog Data Representation Verilog uses a standardized format for representing numbers: n'bv, where n is the bit width, 'b is the base (e.g., binary, decimal, hexadecimal), and v is the value. This format allows for precise control over how data is stored and interpreted. For instance, the declaration 8'hFF specifies an 8-bit hexadecimal numbe ...

According to IEEE standards, these directives are used to mark modules as cell modules, indicating they contain cell definitions. Some PLI routines utilize cell modules for applications like delay calculation. These directives can appear any where in the source code, but placing them outside module definitions is recommended. Practical usage ex ...

Directly reading button states to control devices like LEDs can lead to misinterpretation due to mechanical bouncing when buttons are pressed or released. This bouncing effect causes rapid state changes that may be incorrectly interpreted as multiple button presses. This section demonstrates how to implement debouncing algorithms using a button ...

SCCB Protocol Overview The SCCB (Serial Camera Control Bus) protocol is commonly used for configuring registers in camera modules, particularly those in the OV series. This protocol evolved from the I2C protocol and shares many similarities with it. A complete transmission in SCCB consists of either two phases (for read operations) or three pha ...